Purpose

• Veterinarians use allergy testing to diagnosis allergies and identify possible irritants. The information is used to prepare a treatment plan for the dog. For the most part, allergy testing is an accurate diagnostic tool for identifying allergens. According to Pet Education, intradermal skin testing is recommended most by veterinary dermatologists, although food trials are also useful diagnostic tools.
  
  

About Testing

• Intradermal skin testing is the preferred method for identifying atopy allergies, such as pollen, mold and grass, which a dog inhales when outside or ingests by licking its paws or coat after exposure. It's seldom used to discover food allergies. Testing is performed when the dog is sedated. An area on his body is shaved to reveal skin. The veterinarian injects small doses of a variety of antigens. The dog is then observed for a reaction, which indicates an allergy.
  
  Food allergies are best identified using a food trial, also called an elimination diet. This tests involves restricting a dog's food intake to just protein and carbohydrates or food the dog doesn't usually eat for a period of 12 weeks. The dog is monitored for allergy symptoms. If no symptoms occur, the dog is fed its usual diet. When symptoms return, the food allergy is confirmed. The food trial can also be used to identify specific food irritants using the same elimination diet process.
  
  

When to Test a Dog

• A dog suffering from symptoms commonly associated with allergies (e.g., itching, licking, chronic ear infections, hot spots) should be tested. Any dog suffering from moderate to severe forms of allergies that don't respond to treatment is also a candidate for allergy testing.
  
  

Testing Schedule

• Testing should occur when a dog's allergy symptoms are at their worst. Prior to administering a skin test, the dog should be placed on an elimination diet to rule out food allergies that the test may not identify.
  
  

Treatment

• Dogs with food allergies should avoid eating the food irritant. A hypoallergenic diet composed of natural foods for dogs with food sensitivities is available at most pet stores. Homemade diets made with dog-friendly fruits, vegetables, rice and protein is an ideal option. A veterinarian specializing in nutrition can help guide dog owners on how to prepare a diet that provides a good balance of nutrients to ensure the dog's health.
  
  Antihistamines and steroids, as well as allergy injections, may provide the dog some relief. Allergy injections may be a good option for dogs with atopy allergies, but may not be helpful for dogs with food allergies unless the specific allergen is confirmed.