How Acne Forms

• Acne formation is directly related to the oil glands. Pores are tiny passages for oil. The hair follicles are connected to sebaceous glands that produce sebum, which is used to keep the skin surface oily. In healthy skin, the pores are open, so the sebum can come to the surface. In affected skin, the pores become clogged with dead skin cells. This blocks the sebum, which enables bacteria to grow and infect the area. The resulting lesion is called a pimple, the most common form of acne. Cysts and nodules are severe forms of acne.
  
  

Causes of Acne

• One of the major causes of acne is hormones. In puberty, hormones called androgens cause the sebaceous glands to enlarge. This can continue into adulthood, especially during menstrual cycles. Stress, medications, cosmetics and heredity factors can also cause acne. Diet is not a cause of acne, though for some, certain allergic reactions to food can cause outbreaks. Dermatologists really don't know why some people have worse outbreaks with acne than others.
  
  

Antibiotics for Acne

• In severe cases, lesions can erupt on the back, neck, arms and legs. Antibiotics reduce the bacteria around the hair follicle and reduce inflammation. Common antibiotics are Tetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Trimethoprim and Azithromycin. Side effects are usually minimal, but there may be drug interactions. The most common side effect is abdominal upset, which settles down in a few days. Avoid sun exposure during peak hours. Some women may experience vaginal yeast infection, and antibiotics can upset the effect of birth control pills.
  
  If your doctor prescribes antibiotics, expect to take them for at least a few months before seeing results. It may be necessary to include a prescribed topical solution. If the cysts are deep, the antibiotics may not completely eradicate the lesions.
  
  Your doctor may decide to try Accutane, a more powerful oral medication that is considered after all others have failed. Accutane is dangerous for women who may become pregnant or who are pregnant. It is used under strict supervision.